More than 94 million people around the world are living with cataracts, a condition that clouds the eye’s lens, blurs vision, and can eventually lead to blindness. Yet, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), half of those in need of surgery cannot access it.
Cataracts primarily affect older adults, and as global populations age, the number of people affected continues to rise.
“Cataract surgery is a simple, 15-minute procedure and one of the most cost-effective medical interventions available. It can restore sight immediately and permanently,” the WHO said.
While cataract surgery is common in high-income countries, access remains a major challenge elsewhere. “Half of the world’s population in need of cataract surgery simply don’t have access,” said Stuart Keel, WHO’s technical lead for eye care.
The problem is most severe in Africa, where three out of four people needing surgery remain untreated. In Kenya, for example, 77% of those needing cataract surgery are likely to live—and die—with impaired vision or blindness.
Women are disproportionately affected, consistently experiencing lower access to care than men. Of the 94 million people affected globally, fewer than 20% are blind, while the rest live with varying degrees of vision impairment.
A 2030 Goal Amid Slow Progress
Over the past 20 years, global cataract surgery coverage increased by 15%, but the WHO warns that the pace is insufficient. In 2021, member states set a target of a 30% increase in coverage by 2030. Current projections suggest the increase may only reach 8.4% this decade.
To bridge this gap, the WHO urges countries to integrate eye exams into primary healthcare, invest in surgical equipment, and expand the eye-care workforce. Training surgeons in a standardized way and distributing them beyond major cities is crucial.
Today, the WHO is launching new guidance to help countries provide high-quality cataract surgery services and strengthen workforce development. Keel emphasized that the biggest barriers are capacity and funding. “We need investment to eliminate this backlog of nearly 100 million people,” he said.
Prevention and Early Care
While age is the primary risk factor for cataracts, prolonged exposure to UV-B light, tobacco use, long-term steroid use, and diabetes can also increase risk. Regular eye check-ups are essential, as most issues can be prevented, detected early, or treated effectively.
The cost of a new lens implant can be under $100, though out-of-pocket expenses may be higher when not covered by insurance.
“Cataract surgery is one of the most powerful tools we have to restore vision and transform lives,” said Devora Kestel, head of WHO’s noncommunicable diseases and mental health department. “When people regain their sight, they regain independence, dignity, and opportunity.”
For millions around the world, this simple surgery is not just about seeing clearly—it’s about reclaiming their lives.
